facial profile of young females

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This topic has 2 replies, 2 voices, and was last updated 30/11/2011 at 4:25 pm by drmithila.

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14/11/2011 at 4:18 am #10145

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Beauty is the phenomenon of experiencing pleasure through the perception of balance. Everyone admires beauty and its unique balance in nature. Some say that this balance and perception of beauty is due to the ‘golden’ number or the ratio that gives certain things their exquisiteness. The golden number is a product beyond the mathematical imagination, but of a natural principle related to the laws of equilibrium.

The numerical value of the Divine Proportion is 1-1.618. This ratio is a law of equilibrium in nature that presents a relationship between math and beauty to create both harmony and to give the illusion of perfection.

The ‘Divine Proportion’ is one of several terms used to describe the division of a line such that the ratio of the smaller section to the larger one equals that of the larger section to the whole, to be considered pleasing to the eyes.

Jefferson believed that there is a universal standard for facial beauty regardless of race, age, sex, and other variables named the Divine Proportion.

In addition, Amoric showed that Divine Proportion is also found in numerous natural phenomena, geometrical propositions, and human architectural constructions.

Decker demonstrated that the Divine Proportion extends from the spiral character of a DNA molecule to Leonardo’s description of facial proportions.

In addition, Danikas and Panagopoulos believed that since many human body proportions are in golden ratios, this ratio is considered to be the most esthetically pleasing to the eyes.

However, Baker and Woods believed that it is possible for beautiful faces not to exhibit ratios in the Divine Proportion, and vice versa.

Lombardi and Levin suggested that the Divine Proportion provides a guide for the ideal sizes of teeth.

The golden ratio also pertains to a variety of facial dimensions in the norm mesh diagram of 18-year-old American women.

In 1982 Ricketts found that the Divine Proportion existed in a large number of lateral and frontal cephalograms and photographs that he considered ideal. Therefore, Ricketts advocated the use of these Divine Proportion ratios as guides for planning orthognathic surgery.

Furthermore, Marquardt developed a beauty mask based on the Divine Proportion and showed that regardless of race or age if it is conforms to the beauty mask, every face is deemed beautiful.

According to some authors, the values of measured proportions in beautiful faces are likely to approximate the Divine Proportion. With all this in mind, the present study was designed to investigate the Divine Proportion in ideal profiles and their relation to the perception of beauty. The introduction of a standard called the Divine Proportion for the evaluation of a profile can lead orthodontic and surgical treatment to obtain maximum facial beauty.



30/11/2011 at 4:24 pm #14897

drmithila
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Research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill suggests that the timing of exposure to UV rays—early in the morning or later in the afternoon—can influence the onset of skin cancer.

The study, performed in mice, found that exposure to UV radiation in the morning increased the risk of skin cancer by 500 percent over identical doses in the afternoon. Although mice and humans both reside on a 24-hour day, the "circadian" clocks of these nocturnal and diurnal creatures run counter each other. This key difference in biology means that humans are most protected from the sun’s harmful rays when mice are most susceptible, and vice versa.

"Therefore, our research would suggest that restricting sunbathing or visits to the tanning booth to morning hours would reduce the risk of skin cancer in humans," said senior study author Aziz Sancar, MD, PhD, a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Sarah Graham Kenan professor of biochemistry and biophysics in the UNC School of Medicine. Sancar is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Turkish Academy of Sciences "However, further studies in humans are needed before we can make any definitive recommendations."

Sancar has previously shown that a protein called XPA, responsible for repairing the DNA damage wrought by UV radiation, waxes and wanes throughout the day. In a study published online the week of October 24-30 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, he and his colleagues looked to see if the cyclical nature of this DNA repair molecule had an influence on the onset of skin cancer.

They exposed two groups of mice to UV radiation—either at 4 a.m. or at 4 p.m.—and waited for cancer to develop. Mice irradiated when the repair activity was at its minimum developed tumors much faster and at five-fold higher frequency compared with mice exposed to UV when the protein’s repair function was at its maximum.

The researchers predict that humans will have a higher rate of DNA repair in the morning and would be less prone to the carcinogenic effect of UV radiation in the morning hours. They plan to measure actual DNA repair rates in the skin of human volunteers to confirm that morning sun is safest for humans.

The research was funded by the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. UNC co-authors with Sancar were Shobhan Gaddameedhi (study 1st author), Christopher P. Selby, William K. Kaufmann, and Robert C. Smart of North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.



30/11/2011 at 4:25 pm #14898

drmithila
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The Divine Proportion was closely studied by the Greek sculptor, Phidias, and as a result, it took on the name of Phi. Also referred to as the Golden Mean, the Magic Ratio, the Fibonacci Series, etc., Phi can be found throughout the universe; from the spirals of galaxies to the spiral of a Nautilus seashell; from the harmony of music to the beauty in art. A botanist will find it in the growth patterns of flowers and plants, while the zoologist sees it in the breeding of rabbits. The entomologist views it in the genealogy of a bee, and the physicist observes it in the behavior of light and atoms. A Wall Street analyst can find it in the rising and falling patterns of a market, while the mathematician uncovers it in the examination of the pentagram.

Throughout history, Phi has been observed to evoke emotion or aesthetic feelings within us. The ancient Egyptians used it in the construction of the great pyramids and in the design of hieroglyphs found on tomb walls. At another time, thousands of miles away, the ancients of Mexico embraced Phi while building the Sun Pyramid at Teotihuacan. The Greeks studied Phi closely through their mathematics and used it in their architecture. The Parthenon at Athens is a classic example of the use of the Golden Rectangle. Plato in his Timaeus considered it the most binding of all mathematical relations and makes it the key to the physics of the cosmos.

During the Renaissance, Phi served as the "hermetic" structure on which great masterpieces were composed. Renowned artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci made use of it for they knew of its appealing qualities. Evidence suggests that classical music composed by Mozart, Beethoven, and Bach embraces Phi. Whether it was by design or intuitive is not known.

Phi must be considered in its relation to the human psyche since it is the psyche that interprets this phenomena. Although Phi appears to be fixed in nature, it actually is not. The only reason it seems fixed is because it is fixed within our own minds. This proportion corresponds to the mental vibrations that are within us and dictate our sense of pleasure and pain, beauty and ugliness, love and hate, etc. The result is we are held captive by these memories fixed by both body and mind. For if we were to view nature from an altered state of consciousness, the proportion would also be altered.

Therefore, the Divine Proportion presents itself in the very physical nature of Creation. It is seen as the beauty and organization within the cosmos. It is the harmony and glue that holds the unity of the universe.
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