Parotitis: Inflammation of parotid glands (salivary glands).
Symptoms include swollen parotid glands and swelling near jaws and neck
Acute bacterial parotitis: is most often caused by a bacterial infection of Staphylococcus aureus but may be caused by any commensal bacteria.[1]
Parotitis as Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: The mycobacterium that cause tuberculosis can also cause parotid infection. Those infected tend to have enlarged, nontender, but moderately painful glands. The diagnosis is made by typical chest radiograph findings, cultures, or histologic diagnosis after the gland has been removed. When diagnosed and treated with antitubercular medications, the gland may return to normal in 1–3 months[1].
Acute viral parotitis (mumps): The most common viral cause of parotitis is mumps. Routine vaccinations have dropped the incidence of mumps to a very low level. Mumps resolves on its own in about ten days.
HIV parotitis: Generalized lymphadenopathy has long been associated with HIV, but the localized enlargement of the parotid gland is less well known
Sjögren’s syndrome: Chronic inflammation of the salivary glands may also be an autoimmune disease known as Sjögren’s syndrome. The disease most commonly appears in people aged 40–60 years, but it may affect small children. In Sjögren syndrome, the prevalence of parotitis in women versus men is approximately 9:1. The involved parotid gland is enlarged and tender at times. The cause is unknown. The syndrome is often characterized by excessive dryness in the eyes, mouth, nose, vagina, and skin.[1]
Mikulicz disease: Antiquated name for any enlargement of the parotid gland that was not tuberculosis, leukemia, or some other identifiable disease.
Lymphoepithelial lesion of Godwin: Most frequently associated with a circumscribed tumor with the histologic features of Sjögren syndrome. This designation has also fallen out of favour.
Blockage of the main parotid duct, or one of its branches, is often a primary cause of acute parotitis, with further inflammation secondary to bacterial superinfection. The blockage may be from a salivary stone, a mucous plug, or, more rarely, by a tumor, usually benign. Salivary stones, also called salivary duct calculus, are mainly made of calcium, but do not indicate any kind of calcium disorder.[2] Stones may be diagnosed via X-ray (with a success rate of about 80%[2]), a computed tomography (CT) scan or Medical ultrasonography. Stones may be removed by manipulation in the doctor’s office, or, in the worst cases, by surgery. Lithotripsy, also known as “shock wave” treatment, is best known for its use breaking up kidney stones. Lithotripsy can now be used on salivary stones as well. Ultrasound waves break up the stones, and the fragments flush out of the salivary duct.[2]
.
