Platform switching is one of them.

[drsushant]

Design details of a platform switched implant restoration (Table/Fig 1)
• The collar bevels medially into a smaller-diameter prosthetic platform.
• Restoring the 4.8mm diameter collar (implant restorative platform) with the 4.1mm prosthetic component medializes the implant/abutment junction.

The histology of peri-implant tissues was studied by Ericsson et al 1995 (Table/Fig 2). He identified two important entities in the implant crestal region viz., Plaque associated inflammatory cell infiltrate (P/ICT) and Implant associated inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICT). He observed that the Peri-implant bone crest was consistently located 1.0-1.5 mm apical to IAJ. The apical border of an ICT was always separated from the bone crest at ~ 1.0 mm of healthy connective tissue. Thus, he concluded that aICT is the aetiological factor for crestal bone loss.

Consequences of Horizontal Repositioning: (Table/Fig 3), (Table/Fig 4).
1. Reduction in the amount of crestal bone resorption is necessary to expose a minimum amount of implant surface to which the soft tissue can attach.

2. Horizontal Repositioning of aICT within < 90-degree confined area of exposure decreases the resorptive effect of aICT on the crestal bone. Reduced diameter components beginning with healing abutment must be used from the moment the implant is exposed to the oral environment, since the process of biological width formation begins immediately. Other Clinical Benefits of Platform Switching 1. Optimal Management of the Prosthetic Space The amount of restorative volume available for an optimally contoured, physiological implant restoration is a critical factor. With the crestal bone preserved both horizontally and vertically, support is thus retained for the interdental papillae. Maintenance of midfacial bone height helps to maintain facial gingival tissues. 2. Improved Bone Support for Short Implants Bone remodeling around a platform switched implant is minimized; therefore, there is potentially a greater bone/implant contact for short implants, thus opening the possibility of treating more patients with less extensive therapy. Although the biological basis for platform switching has been proposed, the biomechanical aspect still needs to be investigated. To evaluate the effect of horizontal repositioning on the stress transfer under occlusal load, an FEA was carried out.