Home › Forums › Pharmacology › Drug induced pigmentation
Welcome Dear Guest
To create a new topic please register on the forums. For help contact : discussdentistry@hotmail.com
- This topic has 3 replies, 3 voices, and was last updated 19/06/2011 at 11:56 am by Drsumitra.
-
AuthorPosts
-
18/06/2011 at 6:33 am #12171AnonymousOnlineTopics: 0Replies: 1150Has thanked: 0 timesBeen thanked: 1 time
A variety of drugs can induce oral mucosal pigmentation.These pigmentations can be large yet localized, usually to the hard palate, or they can be multifocal, throughout the mouth. In either case, the lesions are flat and without any evidence of nodularity or swelling. The chief drugs implicated are the quinoline, hydroxyquinoline, and amodiaquine antimalarials. These medications have also been used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Minocycline, used in the treatment of acne, can also produce oral pigmentation. The pigment is not confined to oral mucosa and is also encountered in the nail bed and on the skin. Last, oral contraceptives and pregnancy are occasionally associated with hyperpigmentation of the facial skin, particularly in the periorbital and perioral regions . This condition is referred to as melasma or chloasma. Endocrine disease should be excluded by appropriate laboratory studies when oral or facial nonphysiologic
melanosis is encountered. The cause is unknown, and the pigment may remain for quite some time after withdrawal of the incriminated drug. Microscopically, basilar melanosis without melanocytic proliferation is observed, and melanin incontinence is commonly seen.Management
The cause is unknown, and the pigment may remain for quite some time after withdrawal of the incriminated drug.
Endocrine disease should be excluded by appropriate laboratory studies when oral or facial nonphysiologic melanosis is encountered.
19/06/2011 at 8:18 am #17347sushantpatel_docOfflineRegistered On: 30/11/2009Topics: 510Replies: 666Has thanked: 0 timesBeen thanked: 0 timesEtiology
•Antimalarials,
•tranquilizers,
• minocycline,
• azidothymidine,
• ketoconazole,
•phenolphthalein, and
•others are the most common drugs that induce pigmentation.Clinical features
The clinical picture varies, and the condition may appear as irregular brown or black macules or plaques, or diffuse melanosis (Fig. ).
The buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, and gingiva are the most commonly affected sites.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of the history and clinical criteria.Differential diagnosis
•Normal pigmentation,
• Addison disease,
• Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.Treatment
• No treatment is required.19/06/2011 at 8:19 am #17348sushantpatel_docOfflineRegistered On: 30/11/2009Topics: 510Replies: 666Has thanked: 0 timesBeen thanked: 0 times19/06/2011 at 11:56 am #17358DrsumitraOfflineRegistered On: 06/10/2011Topics: 238Replies: 542Has thanked: 0 timesBeen thanked: 0 times -
AuthorPosts
- You must be logged in to reply to this topic.