Peri-implantitis is a site specific infectious disease that causes
an inflammatory process in soft tissues, and bone loss around
an osseointegrated implant in function. Implant failure has classically
been attributed to bacterial infections, occlusal overload,
surgical trauma, faulty or incorrect prosthetic design and/or improper
surgical placement. The management of implant infection
should be focused both on the infection control of the lesion, the
detoxification of the implant surface and regeneration procedures.
The treatment option can be surgical or non-surgical. It
was observed that the non surgical treatment of peri-implantitis
was unpredictable, while the use of chemical agents such as
chlorhexidine had only limited clinical effects. Adjunctive local or
systemic antibiotics were shown to reduce bleeding on probing
and probing depths and some beneficial effects of laser therapy
on peri-implantitis have been shown. Regenerative therapies can
also be applied in conjunction with the anti-infective procedures.
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